Kodi Mafuta Ofunika Ndi Chiyani?

Mafuta ambiri ofunikira amapezeka kudzera mu Steam Distillation. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, madzi amawiritsidwa mumphika, ndipo nthunzi imadutsa mu zomera zomwe zimapachikidwa pamwamba pa mphika, ndikusonkhanitsa mafuta kenako imadutsa mu condenser yomwe imasandutsa nthunzi kukhala madzi. Chomaliza chimatchedwa distillate. Distillate imakhala ndi hydrosol ndi mafuta ofunikira.

Mafuta ofunikiraMafuta ofunikira, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mafuta a ethereal kapena mafuta oundana, ndi mafuta onunkhira osungunuka a hydrophobic volatile omwe amachotsedwa ku zomera. Mafuta ofunikira amachotsedwa ku maluwa, masamba, tsinde, makungwa, mbewu kapena mizu ya zitsamba, zitsamba, zitsamba ndi mitengo. Mafuta ofunikira amakhala ndi fungo labwino kapena kukoma kwa chomera chomwe chachotsedwa.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mafuta ofunikira ndi chinthu chomwe chimachotsedwa mu maluwa, masamba, mizu, makungwa, zipatso, utomoni, mbewu, singano, ndi nthambi za chomera kapena mtengo.

Mafuta ofunikira amapezeka m'maselo apadera kapena m'zigawo za zomera. Ndiwo omwe amachititsa fungo ndi kukoma kwa zonunkhira, zitsamba, maluwa ndi zipatso. N'zosangalatsa kudziwa kuti si zomera zonse zomwe zili ndi mankhwala onunkhira awa. Pakadali pano, mafuta ofunikira pafupifupi 3000 amadziwika, ndipo pafupifupi 300 mwa iwo amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunikira kwambiri pamalonda.

Mafuta ofunikira amasinthasintha ndipo amasanduka nthunzi mofulumira akamawotchedwa ndi mpweya. Mafuta ofunikira ambiri alibe mtundu kupatulapo ochepa monga mafuta ofunikira a sinamoni omwe ndi ofiira, chamomile omwe ndi abuluu ndi mafuta ofunikira a verwood omwe ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Mofananamo, mafuta ofunikira ambiri ndi opepuka kuposa madzi kupatulapo ochepa monga mafuta ofunikira a sinamoni, mafuta ofunikira a adyo ndi mafuta ofunikira a amondi owawa. Mafuta ofunikira nthawi zambiri amakhala amadzimadzi, koma amathanso kukhala olimba (orris) kapena theka-lolimba malinga ndi kutentha (rose).

Mafuta ofunikira ndi opangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndipo ali ndi zinthu zambirimbiri zosiyana kuphatikizapo ma alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones, ndi phenols a gulu la mono- ndi sesquiterpenes kapena phenylpropanes komanso ma lactones ndi waxes osasinthasintha.